Cardiology Services

Coronary

• Assessment of stable angina and risk stratification
• Guideline-directed medical therapy for coronary artery disease
• Post–heart attack care, secondary prevention and rehabilitation advice
• Follow-up after angioplasty or bypass surgery
• Decisions about when further invasive assessment is warranted

Diabetes

​

Symptoms

• Chest pain — distinguishing cardiac from non-cardiac causes
• Breathlessness on exertion or at rest
• Palpitations and awareness of irregular heartbeat
• Syncope, near-syncope and unexplained dizziness
• Reduced exercise tolerance and undue fatigue
• Swelling of the legs and other features of fluid overload

Myocardium

• Dilated cardiomyopathy — assessment and long-term management
• Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy — evaluation and risk assessment
• Peripartum cardiomyopathy — diagnosis, management and follow-up
• Family screening where an inherited cardiomyopathy is suspected

Valves

• Echocardiographic grading of valve stenosis and regurgitation
• Rheumatic heart disease — assessment and long-term follow-up
• Degenerative valve disease in older adults
• Decisions on the timing of referral for valve intervention
• Follow-up after valve replacement or repair, including anticoagulation review

Investigation

• Electrocardiography (ECG) and relevant laboratory testing, where clinically indicated and available
• Echocardiography — scheduled at the earliest suitable appointment when clinically appropriate
• Interpretation of investigations performed elsewhere, including second opinions
• Pre-operative cardiac evaluation before non-cardiac surgery
• Structured long-term follow-up with periodic reassessment

Blood pressure

• Confirmation of the diagnosis, including home and out-of-office readings
• Assessment for secondary causes of hypertension where clinically suspected
• Assessment of target-organ damage — heart, kidneys, eyes and blood vessels
• Selection and titration of antihypertensive therapy
• Management of resistant hypertension
• Blood pressure management in pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders, in coordination with obstetric care

Prevention

• Cardiovascular risk assessment and risk-factor profiling
• Lipid assessment and management of dyslipidaemia
• Screening for coronary artery disease in patients with diabetes
• Lifestyle, diet and physical-activity counselling for cardiovascular risk reduction
• Smoking cessation advice in the context of cardiovascular risk
• Family history assessment where premature cardiovascular disease is present

Heart failure

• Diagnosis and assessment of the cause of heart failure
• Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular systolic and diastolic function
• Guideline-directed medical therapy and dose optimisation
• Fluid and salt management, and recognition of decompensation
• Structured follow-up and reassessment of ventricular function

Rhythm

• Evaluation of palpitations and documented arrhythmia
• Atrial fibrillation — rate and rhythm strategy, and stroke-risk assessment
• Supraventricular tachycardia, including pre-excitation syndromes
• Bradyarrhythmias and conduction disease
• Electrocardiographic interpretation and rhythm monitoring

Paediatric

• Cardiac consultation and assessment for infants and children
• Evaluation of heart murmurs
• Assessment of suspected congenital heart disease
• Cardiac symptoms in children — chest pain, palpitations, syncope, poor feeding or failure to thrive
• Follow-up of children with a known cardiac condition
• Referral to a paediatric cardiac surgical or interventional centre where that is required

Interventional

​